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The Personal Allowance for the 2024-25 tax year is £12,570. However, if your annual income exceeds £100,000, your Personal Allowance is reduced by £1 for every £2 of income over this threshold, until it is completely withdrawn at an income of £125,140.

Scotland has its own income tax rate structure, including a Starter Rate (19%), Basic Rate (20%), Intermediate Rate (21%), Higher Rate (42%), and Top Rate (47%). These rates apply only to the non-savings, non-dividend income of Scottish residents; savings and dividends are still taxed at UK rates.

Student loan repayments are automatic and begin when your annual income exceeds the repayment threshold for your specific plan. The repayment amount is 9% of the income above this threshold and is automatically deducted from your salary through the PAYE system. Different plans have different repayment thresholds.

Yes, the UK operates a mandatory workplace pension auto-enrolment scheme. Eligible employees are automatically enrolled into their employer's pension scheme, with a minimum total contribution of 8% (5% from the employee, 3% from the employer). Employees can choose to opt out, but participation is recommended to receive tax relief and employer-matched contributions.

Legitimate ways to reduce your tax burden include: increasing pension contributions (which receive tax relief), using your ISA tax-free savings allowance, and claiming relevant tax reliefs and allowances. It is always recommended to consult a professional accountant for personalized advice.

A P60 is an annual summary of your income and tax, provided by your employer after April 6th each year. It shows your earnings and tax deductions for the entire tax year. A P45 is a tax record you receive when you leave a job, containing your tax information at the time of leaving. It is used by your new employer to set up the correct tax code. Both are important tax documents.